A newly discovered vulnerability in Cloudflare’s Content Delivery Network (CDN) allows attackers to approximate a user’s location simply by sending them an image. Security researcher Daniel, just 15 years old, identified the issue, which exploits how Cloudflare caches content across its global network of data centers.

Cloudflare’s CDN improves website performance by storing copies of commonly requested content, such as images and videos, in data centers close to users. When a request is made, the content is retrieved from the nearest data center. This design inadvertently reveals the region of the user, typically within a 250-mile radius.

Daniel created a tool called Cloudflare Teleport to take advantage of a bug in Cloudflare Workers, enabling him to force requests through specific data centers. By sending a unique image and analyzing the response, he could infer the user’s approximate location. According to Dark Reading, this flaw also takes advantage of platforms like Signal, where images can be auto-downloaded to be shown in push notifications, creating opportunities for zero-click attacks.

The implications of this vulnerability are serious, particularly for individuals who depend on anonymity, such as journalists and activists. While the method does not pinpoint exact locations, the ability to monitor movements or determine general regions raises concerns regarding potential misuse by malicious actors or even surveillance by authorities.

Cloudflare patched the Workers bug after being alerted, awarding Daniel a $200 bug bounty. However, as highlighted in BleepingComputer, Daniel found a workaround by integrating VPNs into the Teleport tool, though the process became more complicated.

When addressing the issue, Cloudflare suggested that users who prioritize privacy should disable caching for sensitive content. Signal and Discord, both impacted by the flaw, emphasized that implementing network-level anonymity features is beyond their capabilities.

To mitigate risks, users can disable automatic media downloads and exercise caution when interacting with unsolicited content. Experts suggest developers adopt measures that prevent sensitive data from being cached. While the flaw has been addressed partially, the incident still highlights ongoing challenges in balancing performance and user privacy.

Adding to these privacy challenges, Cloudflare’s app “1.1.1.1,” along with VPN services like Hide.me and PrivadoVPN, has been removed from app stores in India following government orders.